Europe’s paleontological record is rich with insights not only from animal fossils but also from plants, revealing the continent’s ancient climates and ecosystems.
The Sima de los Huesos site in Spain is a treasure trove of human fossils, providing a deep look into the evolution of Neanderthals. Another iconic European site is the Atapuerca Mountains in Spain, where fossils of the earliest known Europeans, dating back over a million years, have been found. These sites have significantly contributed to our understanding of early human development and migration patterns in Europe.
Europe also offers a view into ancient plant life, which helps scientists understand past climates and environments. For instance, the Messel Pit in Germany, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is famous for its exceptionally well-preserved fossils, The fossils include leaves, fruits, and seeds that paint a picture of a warm, temperate rainforest that existed about 47 million years ago.
Another important site is the Puy de Dôme in France, where flowering plant fossils from the Paleogene period have been found. These fossils indicate a warm and humid climate, contrasting sharply with the region’s current temperate climate. Such discoveries are vital for understanding how plant life in Europe responded to global and regional climate changes.